Current Biology
Male Chimpanzees Prefer Mating with Old Females
Martin N. Muller et al
"Cross-cultural studies indicate that women's sexual attractiveness generally peaks before motherhood and declines with age [1]. Cues of female youth are thought to be attractive because humans maintain long-term pair bonds, making reproductive value (i.e. future reproductive potential) particularly important to males [2, 3]. Menopause is believed to exaggerate this preference for youth by limiting women's future fertility [1, 4]. This theory predicts that in species lacking long-term pair bonds and menopause, males should not exhibit a preference for young mates. We tested this prediction by studying male preferences in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). We show that despite their promiscuous mating system, chimpanzee males, like humans, prefer some females over others. However, in contrast to humans, chimpanzee males prefer older, not younger, females. These data robustly discriminate patterns of male mate choice between humans and chimpanzees. Given that the human lineage evolved from a chimpanzee-like ancestor, they indicate that male preference for youth is a derived human feature, likely adapted from a tendency to form unusually long term mating bonds."
Klevius comment: How come that a scientific magazine approves such nonsense?! Ever heard abt kinship, kin recognition etc - the most essential relationship in the living nature? If the "research" team compared a chimp kin-society/family/group with a non-kin human dito, then not only their conclusion but the entire research project was pure nonsense! It's a well known fact (albeight today surprisingly surpressed) that most creature/plants have a strong tendency to avoid incest! Take a human kinship family and you will find a striking resemblance with chimps (albeit such an experiment would demand that both chimp- and human cultural bias/traditions somehow are taken into account)! This also explains why bio-parents are the least likely to commit incest as shown in Klevius revealing comparison of incest research as well as in the thesis "Pathological symbiosis" in the sex segregated social state.
For more info on the connections between kinship blindness and sex segregation see:
Sex segregation
Klevius HSS hypothesis Out of Africa as "pygmies" and back as global "mongoloids"
Definition of religion from a kinship perspective
Vagina gate in the atom of kinship
Angels of Antichrist - kinship vs social state
From Klevius without love - Definition of feminism
Thursday, November 23, 2006
Monday, November 20, 2006
The "bastard belt" and the "global mongoloids
.
Klevius OOAAPABAGM hypothesis and factual racial distribution
Grey represents what Klevius names "the caucasoid bastard belt" between the "global mongoloids", incl. "capoids" in southern Africa who, on their return from Asia, dispersed all over Africa from the northeast. The latest dispersal to the far south, however, was due to the Bantu expansion.
After the modern human with the new brain had evolved as "mongoloid" in Asia its spreading was fast and decisive. Of course there were multiple "mongoloids" due to their interbreeding with different looking archaic "moderns".
Neanderthal/erectus/early modern traits have dissolved differently over the spectrum but can still be recognized. However, due to Klevius OOAAPABAGM hypothesis little can be said abt the content of the brain before we have assess to more statistical brain data. Nonetheless, it is believed here that the big stupid Neanderthal brain has since long been replaced by the new "pygmy-brain". Only some traces of the look remains.
To really understand the scenario one has to keep in mind: 1) the small but well-packed pygmy brain* came handy when poured into the "empty "Neanderthal/erectus/archaic modern heads"*. 2) These were good vessels due to their earlier adaptations for the cold. However, by hybridizing them with the slender pygmies a new species, our own, was born. 3) by moving north they not only turned "mongoloid" but also, due to the enourmous wealth of protein available for skilled people, became culturally multi-generational, due to extended life spans. 4) on their "return" complex clashing points developed, e.g. that the first modern human Africans, the Khoisan relatives, were genetically "sucked up" and only a minority survived until present.
* the "pygmy brain" came ultimately from a chimp but was refined in a human pygmy population
** some of the Neanderthals may had already been affected by earlier hybridization to some extent
Klevius OOAAPABAGM hypothesis and factual racial distribution
Grey represents what Klevius names "the caucasoid bastard belt" between the "global mongoloids", incl. "capoids" in southern Africa who, on their return from Asia, dispersed all over Africa from the northeast. The latest dispersal to the far south, however, was due to the Bantu expansion.
After the modern human with the new brain had evolved as "mongoloid" in Asia its spreading was fast and decisive. Of course there were multiple "mongoloids" due to their interbreeding with different looking archaic "moderns".
Neanderthal/erectus/early modern traits have dissolved differently over the spectrum but can still be recognized. However, due to Klevius OOAAPABAGM hypothesis little can be said abt the content of the brain before we have assess to more statistical brain data. Nonetheless, it is believed here that the big stupid Neanderthal brain has since long been replaced by the new "pygmy-brain". Only some traces of the look remains.
To really understand the scenario one has to keep in mind: 1) the small but well-packed pygmy brain* came handy when poured into the "empty "Neanderthal/erectus/archaic modern heads"*. 2) These were good vessels due to their earlier adaptations for the cold. However, by hybridizing them with the slender pygmies a new species, our own, was born. 3) by moving north they not only turned "mongoloid" but also, due to the enourmous wealth of protein available for skilled people, became culturally multi-generational, due to extended life spans. 4) on their "return" complex clashing points developed, e.g. that the first modern human Africans, the Khoisan relatives, were genetically "sucked up" and only a minority survived until present.
* the "pygmy brain" came ultimately from a chimp but was refined in a human pygmy population
** some of the Neanderthals may had already been affected by earlier hybridization to some extent
Tuesday, November 07, 2006
Modern human/Neanderthal hybrid 37.000 years ago may be connected to human/chimp hybrid and the hobbit!
Update Nov 15, 2006: It's perhaps worth considering that newly published details from the Neanderthal genome show a genetic split at some 700 kya and a factual split some <350 kya followed by extinction 24 (?) kya, as well as a closer relation to chimps than to modern humans (compare postings below and the chimp/human hybrid)!
Background: Klevius hypothesis Out of Africa as "Pygmies" and back as global "Mongoloids".
Some new possible pieces in the puzzle
According to researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Chicago at least one occasion of succesful human/Neanderthal interbreeding occured some 37,000 years ago.
This seems to have led to adventages via the microcephalin "brain size" ASPM gene (the gene being some 1,1 million year old) hence altering the brain structure of some 70 percent of today's humans. Linked to the production of new neurons the known MCPH gene products show accelerated change along the lineage from apes to humans. ASPM gene underwent rapid change in the primate common ancestor of gorillas, chimps and humans as much as 8 million years ago.
As some forms of the microcephalin gene lead to small (characterized by a 70% reduction in brain size albeit otherwise normal) brains Islamist "scientist" Teuku Jacob and his strange (or just naive when not considering Islam's impact on science - see postings below) friends took the opportunity to claim Homo floresiensis a sick human. However, the really big leap, when human brain size tripled, began more than 2 million years ago, and continued to some 200 000–400 000 years ago suggesting an episode of accelerated sequence evolution in human ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly) after the split of humans and chimpanzees but before the separation of modern non-Africans from Africans.
Jianzhi Zhang (2003): Because positive selection acts on a gene only when the gene function is altered and the organismal fitness is increased, my results suggest that adaptive functional modifications occurred in human ASPM and that it may be a major genetic component underlying the evolution of the human brain.
Klevius comment: If we exclude Amazonas the Congo region is the only main continental jungle area on the equator. This area has harboured both human as well as chimp pygmies. Because, as noted on postings below, we have already some reason to consider a possible, reproductive chimp/human hybrid in the past, a hybridization with the Neanderthal (or other late forms of "Homo erectus"-like moderns) seems not far fetched at all. On the contrary, if there are any genes of special interest here it would certainly be something like ASPM associated with MCPH! This seems really intriguing against the background of How a wrinkled/complex African "Pygmy" brain became "human"! Also compare postings below!