Update: This posting was written before the discovery of Denisovan! This groundbreaking new insight, i.e. that Denisovan DNA is most common in SE Asia/Australia, led to Klevius immediately (in postings etc) considering the possibility that although something happened at the brain level (FOXP2 gene variant) in a Homo/Ape hybrid that came in contact with Eurasian Homos, the dwarfing of the brain occurred in what is now Indonesia which, unlike Africa, has had a varying island/mainland jungle environment due to changing sea level. This explains how Floresiensis with a chimp sized brain managed to produce culture on pair with Homos with double the size of brain.However, only when this new brain constellation was poured over in bigger skulls and used in the challenging but rewarding protein rich cold north did the cultural explosion start that clearly sets us apart as modern humans. Also, do note that Klevius already back in his 1992 book Demand for Resources used the female 260,000 ya Jinniushan (northern Cina) skeleton as his only example of human evolution. How come, Klevius asked, that the oldest archaic modern with the biggest brain case was cold adapted and found in the north, far from Africa?
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From the bottom to the top: Australopithecus (bigger brain but similar behavior as chimps), Normal chimp, Bonobo pygmy chimp, Homo floresiensis (smaller braincase than e.g. Lucy, who was an Australopithecine but similar tools as Homo erectus which had a brain case more than double as big as that of Homo floresiensis!).
According to Peter Klevius theory "Out of Africa as ape/Homo hybrid pygmies and back as modern global mongoloids" what we used to call Homo is an evolutionary line that became human only after late hybridization with Pan. Fossil records clearly reveal that the Homo policy of enlarging the brain case wasn't enough to enter humanlike behaviour. Only when small pygmy Homos got a more sophisticated brain from dwarfed jungle apes (Pan?) were they able to transfer this feature to their bigger (but dumb) family members. The critical point was when the pygmy chimp(?) successfully fertilized pygmy Homo without endangering the latter's possibilities to transmit the new genetic constellation (a reversed & detached chromosome). The primary result may have looked something like Homo floresiensis (a pity we don't have genetic material thanks to islam in the form of the pathetic Indonesian "professor" Teuku Jakobs, who stole & destroyed much of the material) before it transformed into modern humans (Mongoloids in the North & Negritos in the South).
Human-Chimp chromosomal comparison
For those less familiar with hybridization pls see postings below!
The final trim of the new human was made in cold but protein rich Siberia/Eurasia where adaptation created mongoloid physical features (incl so called "primitive" mongoloid features such as e.g. bigger noses etc) & Aurignacian cultural features (Aurignacian was the most advanced technology of its time & it originated outside Africa). This was the birth of humans in a modern sense! When the successful Mongoloids started to populate the world they of course met with the less developed Homos with whom they interbred & shaped, more or less, the rest of us in a variety of shapes & colors. Mongoloids and Australoids are hence the most mutually unlike because whereas Africa had a strong back migration of mongoloids Australia due to its location came to be less involved. This is also why the so called Caucasoid race (in a broad sense) came to populate what in Klevius terminology is called the "bastard belt" (the grey area on the map). The contacts with northern Neanderthals, who only lived in western north Eurasia, together with a favorable landscape paved the way for M173 and the Aurignacian culture, as well as the Mongoloid/Caucasian look, which was much later modified by incoming farmers.
This basic idea I hypothized abt in 1991 when I wrote Demand for Resources - on the right to be poor (1992). However, it was only in May 2004 (but before I knew abt Homo floresiensis), after having for long considered the new territory that recent genetics had revealed, I went public on the web with Out of Africa as ape/Homo hybrid Pygmies and back as global Mongoloids. No basic change has been made to the page since (except for some comments on Homo floresiensis). I'm not tied to a pre-determined faculty view, although a hell of a thinker (just love to say that, in a time of IQ inflation when a guy with less than average intelligence but the right "belief" can become a professor - see my outdated CV) with messy web sites! However, I'm also waiting for it to be laughable before I do anything. No one seems to laugh so far (except out of ignorance or picky "scientific" feeble mindedness). But for those who can read & think the theory is out there for use or refutation! One clever essential objection & I change parts of it or everything!
Debbie Argue & Co have done a good job in comparing Homo floresiensis with other Homos but they make the wrong conclusion because hybridization could create a similar effect & much more recently.
Note that all the Homos that already occupied Africa/Eurasia had a low capacity brain structure as is evident from cultural comparisons. Even the barely one meter high "Homo" floresiensis (which isn't a Homo at all because of, among other reasons, its much more effective brain) with less than half of Homo erectus brain size, used fire and tools etc!
Update
The Denisova cave is within the range of what reasonably might be interpreted as the mainland of M45 divergence.
Origin of islam.
How consciouness works & how to build a humanlike robot